Ammonia refrigeration system pdf

Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request. The machinery room of a typical industrial ammonia refrigeration system is often the most piping intense part of a system.

An expanded piping multi-color scheme helps to identify the various piping duties. A multi-color scheme aids in a quicker identification of the fluid state, pressure range, and temperature range.

In a pump system this would be the pump receiver. In a gas pressure system it would be the controlled pressure receiver. In flooded systems the ammonia with the highest water content will be found in the evaporator and surge drum. In DX systems the highest water content will be found in the suction accumulator. Heat source would be the Saturated Condensing condition of the ammonia refrigeration system.

Typically this would be in the 65°F to 95°F range. Q-Net TM Technology A smart, environmentally friendly way to upgrade your facility and reduce your carbon footprint! This design guideline includes design of single stage, multi stage and cascade refrigeration systems.

Ammonia Refrigeration Series Discover why ammonia is the refrigerant of choice for industrial refrigeration systems ! Plans, diagrams and data shall be submitted in two sets or more. No matter the amount of anhydrous ammonia in your refrigeration system , it is important to adhere to RAGAGEP. If your refrigeration facility has an inventory of 10pounds or more of anhydrous ammonia , your facility is subject to the OSHA Process Safety Management and the EPA Risk Management Program regulations. Protect workers and improve maintenance efficiency with standard pipe marking.

In addition, ammonia refrigeration systems shall comply with IIAR 2. AMMONIA REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS APPLICATION Applies to buildings used for ice-making, cold storage or manufacturing or processing of food or drink and where the occupant load of the area served by such system does not exceed one person per 1square feet of floor area. ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1. Any water in the system would freeze and obstruct piping, so ammonia refrigeration systems must use anhydrous ammonia (without water or other impurities). The physics of vapor-compression refrigeration require the system to use enough pressure to compress the gas into a liquid. In colder regions a cycle operating in the opposite direction, the “heat pump”, has recently become popular.

These two applications have also merged together to give a system able to operate in both heating and cooling mode. The design of safe ammonia systems will be considered from two aspects. Firstly the general requirements of safe refrigeration system design will be considere based on the accident statistics given in section and secondly the specific additional requirements particular to ammonia will be examined. An industrial ammonia refrigeration system is used for large-scale operations.

Ammonia is a very-efficient refrigerant, and one of the most cost-effective refrigerants for commercial use. It is not used in modern home refrigeration , anymore, because its fumes can be toxic.

Coefficient of Performance (COP) The coefficient of performance (COP) is a measure of efficiency of the refrigeration system and is defined as ratio of useful refrigeration (heat removed by the evaporator) to the net work (done by the compressor). Another expression of COP is Where ! Ammoniahas been used as a refrigerant in industrial applications for more than 1years. It continues to be the refrigerant of choice in many food processing and storage applications, and has seen increased use in building services and process applications. Strategies for increasing the energy efficiency of industrial refrigeration systems fall into seven major categories: Reducing System Lift Refrigeration system “lift” is the difference between suction pressure and discharge pressure.

Reducing lift by raising suction or lowering discharge pressure increases compressor efficiency. Compressor Controls The compressor is the “heart” of the refrigeration system. It has two basic functions: 1. Compress the refrigerant so that it can be condensed at a normal temperature.

Then ammonia became the refrigerant for the production of block ice, which was the primary requirement for mechanical refrigeration. Design Efficient, High- Performance Systems. Ammonia refrigeration systems are custom designed and constructed to achieve one or more process objectives. The trend in design today is toward systems that can accommodate process objectives while enhancing performance, efficiency, and safety.

The polystyrene insulating panel behind the plate ignited. Only a small amount of ammonia was released. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side if necessary end Identify by block nuetber) Basic criteria are presented on refrigeration systems for cold storage facilities for use by architects and engineers. Ammonia in Refrigeration Systems Pure ammonia gas — when it’s used as a refrigerant — is compressed to form pure liquid ammonia. By contrast, ordinary drinking water is neutral.

However, in a refrigeration system , oil is carried through the. Understanding Industrial Refrigeration from the Inside Out. Does your Equipment Room have an Ammonia Alarm System ? Introduce ammonia -water systems (Section 1) 2. Present the steady flow analysis of ammonia -water systems (Section 1) 5. Explain the principle of rectification column and dephlegmator (Section 1) 4. Absorption refrigeration system depends on the absorption of a refrigerant gas into an absorbent at low pressure and subsequent desorption by heating. Ammonia System Safety: Ammonia can be safely used as a refrigerant provided the system is properly designe constructe operate and maintained.

Applications for ammonia -based refrigeration systems include thermal storage systems, HVAC chillers, process cooling, air conditioning, winter sports, district cooling systems, heat pump systems, supermarkets, convenience stores, and increasing output efficiencies for power generation facilities. Natural ventilation at roof level is Background acceptable with electrical equipment rated Ammonia is classified as a Group refrigerant, whose for Class I, Division location. However, hydrocarbon refrigerants such as propane and butane are highly flammable and explosive an as such, will probably never be widely used refrigerants.

To begin refrigeration immediately, the ammonia is distributed among pressure vessels that separate liquid ammonia from the gas, store the refrigerant and send it to different parts of the system when it is needed. Refrigeration systems using ammonia refrigerant and the buildings in which such systems are installed shall comply with IIAR-for system design and installation and IIAR-for operating procedures. Decommissioning of ammonia refrigeration systems shall comply with IIAR-8.

When the ammonia is boiled out of the generator it moves into the condenser coils that are immersed in a water bath and then turned into liquid ammonia inside the evaporator tank. This system is a stationary unit that operates on a two cycle process that consists of a day and night cycle. The terms gas detection and leak detection are not interchangeable, and must not be mixed. Leak detection equipment is normally hand-held equipment carried by people, and used for detection of leaks in refrigeration systems. In the evaporator, the cool refrigerant absorbs heat from the return-air circulating in the room thus cooling the space.

This in the refrigerant evaporating or boiling from a liquid into a gas or vapor. Normal system design has a minimum of 10°F TD between the refrigerant and the room air temperatures. Provides is a tutorial and reference book that represents the collective efforts of the most knowledgeable specialists in the ammonia refrigeration industry.